This talk explores the fundamental components of computing systems, the interconnects, compute engines, and memory, and their rapid evolution in enabling advanced applications and higher performance. Key trends discussed include increased interconnect bandwidth, with PCI Express reaching 256GB/s, and the doubling of transistor density every 1.5 to 3 years. While computational power grows exponentially, memory bandwidth lags, creating a bottleneck that necessitates new memory hierarchies and optimized data access. Addressing these gaps in transistor count, interconnect bandwidth, and memory performance is essential for future semiconductor breakthroughs.